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Adriatic Organ Model (Izola, 18th Century)
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A typical small instrument of the Italian style: pyramidal Principal
chorus (Ripieno), embellished by the solo stops Flauto
and a tasteful reed stop - Tromboncini, the resonators of which
are exposed in front of the Prospekt pipes. We can find
such an organ in almost every church on the northern coast of the
Adriatic where the influence of Venice organbuilding was felt.
This particular instrument was probably made in the
workshop of the most famous Venetian organ builder, Franciscan friar
Petar Nakič (Pietro Nacchini) of Slavonic origin, at the time when the
workshop was lead by the Nakič's pupil Francesco Dacci (1712-1784).
The organ was first made for the parish church of St. Mauro in Izola,
but later was moved to the contemporary location - to the church of the
St. Maria d'Alieto at the end of 18th century.
The single manual offers 10 stops. The pedal is hard coupled to the
manual and does not have its own stops. The original keyboard has short
baroque bass octave. The pipes in the Prospekt are new, the original
ones disappeared during the first world war.
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The stop list:
| Principal chorus = Ripieno |
Solo stops |
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Principale bassi (8') |
Flauto in VIII bassi (4') |
| Principale soprani (8') |
Flauto in VIII soprani (4') |
| Ottava (4') |
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| Quintadecima (2') |
Tromboncini bassi (8') |
| Decima nona (1 1/3') |
Tromboncini soprani (8') |
| Vigesima seconda (1') |
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The shape of the Italian organs did not change much over the
centuries. The base is always the Principale. It may be used as a
solo stop or colored by higher aliquotes forming so a greater or lesser
plenum (Ripieno). The timbre of the Ripieno remains soft
and mild even when all the aliquotes are drawn. The Flauto (4') is used as a solo
stop or it may be combined with the Principale or with the
Ottava, or with both. Special combination "resembling a cornet
consort" is given to be composed of
Ottava+Flute+Decimanona+Vigesimaseconda. It may be also supported by
the Tromboncini to give stronger reed timbre.
The divided stops (Principale, Flute and the Tromboncini) give the
possibility of playing dialogues. G. Callido in one of his registration tips
gives this suggestions for the use of the divided stops:
| Bass |
Treble |
| Tromboncini |
Principale |
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Tromboncini
+Ottava |
Principale
+Ottava |
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Tromboncini
+Ottava |
Principale
+Flauto
+Ottava |
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Special thanks to
- Univ. doc. Dalibor Miklavčič for introducing to us the art of the
Slovenian organs.
- Rev. dom. Župnik of the Izola church for his warm welcome and support
during the recording.
Further reading
Barbara Owen: The Registration of Baroque Organ Music.
1997.
Bizjak, Milko - Škulj, Edo - Dolenc, Oskar.: Orgle na Slovenskem.
1985.
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